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Long and short vowels12/15/2023 ![]() ![]() Note- The length of a syllable before consonant i is due to a transitional sound (vowel i ) which forms a diphthong with the preceding vowel.Į. In such cases the length of the syllable is indicated in this book by a circumflex on the vowel. A syllable whose vowel is a, e, o, or u, followed by consonantal i, is long whether the vowel itself is long or short. Note 3- In rules for quantity h is not counted as a consonant, nor is the apparently consonantal u in qu, gu, su (see § 5, Note 2).ĭ. Note 2- In final syllables ending with a consonant, and containing a short vowel, the quantity in verse is determined by the following word: if this begins with a vowel the final consonant is joined to it in pronunciation if it begins with a consonant the syllable is long by position. In syllables of “common” quantity (as the first syllable of patrem) the ordinary pronunciation was pa-trem, but in verse pat-rem was allowed so that the syllable could become long. Note 1- In syllables long by position, but having a short vowel, the length is partly due to the first of the consonants, which stands in the same syllable with the vowel. A syllable containing a short vowel followed by a mute before l or r is properly short, but may be used as long in verse. Thus in mit-tō both Ts should be pronounced as in out-talk (not merely a single t as in better).Ĭ. Note- When a consonant is doubled the pronunciation should show this distinctly. A syllable containing a short vowel followed by two consonants (except a mute before l or r) or by a double consonant ( x, z) is said to be long by position, but the vowel is pronounced short. A syllable containing a long vowel or a diphthong is said to be long by nature.ī. The Quantity of the Syllable is important for the position of the accent and in versification.Ī. But none of these devices came into general useġ1. An I made higher than the other letters was occasionally used for ī. Note- The Romans sometimes marked vowel length by a stroke above the letter (called an apex), as, Á and sometimes the vowel was doubled to indicate length. Vowels marked with both signs at once ( ā̆, ē̆, etc.) occur sometimes as long and sometimes as short. In this book all vowels known to be long are marked ( ā, ē, etc.), and short vowels are left unmarked ( a, e, etc.). A vowel before nd, nt, is regularly short: amandus, amant. Note- But the quantity of the vowel before gn is not certain in all cases.Į. So, also, a vowel derived from a diphthong.Ĭ. A vowel before another vowel or h is short. Vowels are either long or short by nature, and are pronounced accordingly ( § 8).Ī. In syllables, quantity is measured from the beginning of the vowel or diphthong to the end of the syllable.ġ0. ![]() Two degrees of Quantity are recognized- long and short.Ī. The Quantity of a Vowel or a Syllable is the time occupied in pronouncing it. ![]()
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